Glossary · Sectors
Mobility and transport: what to watch on emissions, batteries and charging
Watch for mobility and transport follows emissions rules, battery and propulsion technology, charging infrastructure, competitors and the tenders that condition product and investment. In October 2026 the 2035 CO2 target for cars is under review, Euro 7 applies to new car and van types from 29 November 2026, and the battery passport arrives on 18 February 2027.
Mobility Battery module on an assembly line
What regulatory timetable affects mobility between 2026 and 2035?
In the automotive sector several rules with their own dates apply to the same vehicle, and one of them is under review. Situation in October 2026:
| Rule | What it sets | Key dates | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 standards for cars and vans, Regulation (EU) 2019/631, amended by 2023/851[1] and 2025/1214 | A 100% reduction in CO2 emissions from new cars and vans from 2035. Regulation 2025/1214 allows the 2025 to 2027 targets to be met as a three-year average[2]. | 2025–2027 with a three-year average; 2035 | In December 2025 the Commission proposed a 90% target for cars in 2035, with the remainder offset by low-carbon steel made in the EU or by synthetic fuels and biofuels, and lowering the 2030 target for vans from 50% to 40%. It is a proposal under way[3] |
| CO2 standards for heavy-duty vehicles, Regulation (EU) 2024/1610 | A 45% reduction from 2030 to 2034, 65% from 2035 to 2039 and 90% from 2040, relative to 2019, and minimum quotas of zero-emission urban buses[4] | 2030, 2035 and 2040 | In force |
| Euro 7, Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 | Pollutant emission limits, including for the first time brake and tyre emissions, and battery durability requirements[5] | Cars and vans: new types from 29 November 2026 and all new vehicles from 29 November 2027. Heavy-duty: 29 May 2028 and 29 May 2029 | First application date at the end of November 2026 |
| Infrastructure for alternative fuels, Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR) | At least 1.3 kW of public charging power per registered battery-electric light vehicle; on the trans-European core network, charging points at most every 60 km in each direction; hydrogen every 200 km on the core network[6] | 400 kW per station by 31 December 2025 and 600 kW by 31 December 2027; hydrogen by 31 December 2030 | In application |
| Batteries Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 | Digital passport for batteries of electric vehicles, light means of transport and industrial batteries[7] | 18 February 2027 | Indicative timetable, subject to implementing acts |
How to read a rule under review
With the 2035 target open, knowing the text in force is no longer enough: you have to know where each change stands. A European rule goes through these stages, and each one is a different signal:
- Commission proposal: it indicates the direction, not the obligation. The December 2025 proposal is such a case.
- Positions of Parliament and the Council: they show how far the text can still move.
- Provisional agreement in tripartite (trilogue) negotiations: the text is almost closed, but not yet binding.
- Adoption and publication in the Official Journal of the EU.
- Application, often in phases and with later implementing acts, such as those that will specify the battery passport.
Which sources to watch in mobility and transport
- Regulation: the Official Journal of the EU and the BOE; European Commission pages on car and van emissions, Euro 7 and batteries; and the European Parliament’s Legislative Observatory, to follow proposals.
- Competitors and new entrants: corporate websites, press releases, announcements of battery plants and supply agreements.
- Patents: cell chemistry, thermal management, power electronics and charging systems.
- Infrastructure: charging operators, grid managers and the national deployment plans that AFIR requires.
- Public procurement: TED and the Plataforma de Contratación del Sector Público for fleets, urban buses, rolling stock and charging infrastructure[8].
- Raw materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite, with their tariffs and export controls.
Which decisions rely on this watch?
- Vehicle manufacturers and tier-one suppliers: the powertrain portfolio to 2035, Euro 7 approval of new types and the battery passport timetable.
- Component suppliers: which technologies replace theirs, and which customers change supplier or plant.
- Transport and charging operators: deployment obligations, aid and fleet tenders.
- Rolling stock and bus manufacturers: national and European tenders, and zero-emission quotas for urban buses.
How Innguma runs mobility watching
Innguma monitors news and websites, regulation and the BOE, patents, tenders, competitors’ websites and specialist sources. In Factory, the space where Innguma processes and structures signals, the AI groups duplicates and classifies each signal by category, technology, entity, type of event, place and tone. People decide what is watched, what is published and who receives it; what is validated is kept in the Library with its source. With that history, it is possible to reconstruct how a rule or a competitor has evolved, not only where they stand today.
Use case
How the day-to-day changes
- Changes to the 2035 target review are learnt about from the general press.
- Customer and competitor moves are followed on scattered websites.
- Patents are only consulted when a development begins.
- When reviewing the inbox
A news item on the progress of the CO2 standards arrives classified by regulation and vehicle type, alongside earlier signals from the same procedure.
- Weekly
A newsletter for product and sales management with regulation, competitors, patents and tenders, each signal with its source.
- Before bidding on a new platform
In the Library, the history of the customer and of the technology: announcements, agreements and the team's comments.
The 2035 review is read from the proposal through to the final text.
Each customer announcement is read alongside what was already known about it.
Competitors' patents are seen before the launch.
- Monitoring of regulation and Spain's Official State Gazette (BOE), websites of competitors and customers, patents, tenders and specialist sector sources.
- AI classification by category, technology, entity, type of event, place and tone, with the source always linked.
- Library with tags and comments, and newsletters prepared from it.
Product strategy and commercial decisions belong to your team. Innguma gathers, organises and keeps; the judgement is yours.
- A watch on the review of the CO2 standards and Euro 7
- A watch on vehicle manufacturer customers and their platform and plant announcements
- A watch on patents on batteries and power electronics
Illustrative example of a typical use.
Sources and references
- [1] Regulation (EU) 2023/851, strengthening CO2 emission standards for new cars and vans. EUR-Lex. 2023
- [2] Regulation (EU) 2025/1214, of 17 June 2025, additional flexibility for 2025–2027. EUR-Lex
- [3] European Commission. CO2 emission standards for cars and vans: targets, amendments and proposals
- [4] Regulation (EU) 2024/1610, of 14 May 2024, CO2 standards for new heavy-duty vehicles. EUR-Lex
- [5] Regulation (EU) 2024/1257, Euro 7, Article 10. EUR-Lex. 2024
- [6] Regulation (EU) 2023/1804, alternative fuels infrastructure (AFIR), Articles 3 and 6. EUR-Lex
- [7] European Commission. Batteries: passport and application timetable
- [8] European Commission. Tenders Electronic Daily (TED), EU public procurement notices